The accessibility benefits of EPUB include the following: The EPUB format is less well-known than the PDF format, and fewer people have experience using it, which is an argument against it, but EPUB is growing in popularity especially among accessibility advocates as they begin to learn more about its accessibility benefits. The EPUB format is an alternative to the PDF format, in particular for creating electronic books, or e-books which can include books, magazines, articles, etc. Until that changes, PDF is not ideal for blind Mac users. While it is true that Windows-based screen readers like JAWS, NVDA, and Windows Eyes can read PDF documents in Adobe Reader or in Acrobat Pro, the Mac-based screen reader VoiceOver cannot read PDF documents effectively because Adobe Reader on Mac is not currently accessible to screen readers. There is at least one other significant accessibility concern worth considering with PDF files – even those that have been remediated to be fully accessible. Some elements of a PDF, such as color contrast, are not able to be remediated post-creation therefore some PDF files cannot be made accessible without going back to a source file created in Word, InDesign, PowerPoint, etc. The remediation process for inaccessible PDF files is a tedious process that can only be completed using Adobe Acrobat Pro or DC or other expensive third-party software where a remediation specialist tags each element of the document in order to provide the correct reading order and semantic classification. While creating an EPUB or HTML document rather than a PDF may seem like extra work, we must understand that PDF files as they exist now already require extra work in order to be accessible and to comply with federal law. Another argument for PDF is that more people have PDF readers installed than EPUB readers which are available by default with the Macintosh OS, but must be downloaded and installed on the Microsoft OS. People are generally more accustomed to PDF files on the web than they are to EPUB files, which is an argument in favor of the PDF format over EPUB. Unfixed content that can reflow to fit the size of the screen, even when zoomed in, is more usable for everyone when accessing digital content. While most designers consider fixing the visual layout of a document to be preferable, this fixed design style is very inaccessible to users on mobile devices or those who must zoom in and then scroll both left and right as well as up and down. If the document doesn’t need to be printed on paper, or if the fixed visual layout is not absolutely critical, you may want to consider creating the document in HTML instead or consider publishing it in EPUB format as an e-book. PDF files preserve the visual layout of an original design, making the PDF format especially suited to documents that will be printed on paper. Before you create your InDesign document, you ought to consider the output format.
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